Arthritis

Causes of Arthritis

Arthritis can occur due to various reasons, such as:

• Age: Increased wear and tear as you age.

• Genetics: A family history of arthritis can increase your risk.

• Injury: Joint injuries can lead to osteoarthritis over time.

• Obesity: Excess weight puts pressure on joints, particularly knees and hips.

• Immune system dysfunction: Leads to autoimmune conditions like RA.

Symptoms of Arthritis

Common signs of arthritis include:

• Joint pain and stiffness

• Swelling and tenderness in joints

• Decreased range of motion

• Redness around the affected area

• Fatigue, especially in RA

• Morning stiffness lasting longer than 30 minutes

Diagnosis of Arthritis

Doctors diagnose arthritis using a combination of:

1. Physical Examination: Checking joints for swelling, warmth, and mobility.

2. Imaging Tests: X-rays, MRIs, or CT scans to view joint damage.

3. Blood Tests: To detect inflammation or markers of autoimmune disease.

Arthritis Medications

Medications play a vital role in managing arthritis by reducing pain and controlling inflammation. Here are the main types of medications:

1. Pain Relievers

• Acetaminophen (Tylenol): Helps reduce mild pain but doesn’t address inflammation.

• Opioids: For severe pain, but typically used as a last resort due to addiction risks.

2. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

• Examples: Ibuprofen (Advil), Naproxen (Aleve).

• These reduce both pain and inflammation, making them effective for arthritis.

3. Corticosteroids

• Examples: Prednisone, Cortisone injections.

• These are powerful anti-inflammatory medications used for short-term relief.

4. Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)

• Examples: Methotrexate, Sulfasalazine.

• DMARDs are specifically for autoimmune arthritis, slowing disease progression.

5. Biologic Response Modifiers (Biologics)

• Examples: Etanercept (Enbrel), Adalimumab (Humira).

• Target specific parts of the immune system to reduce inflammation.

6. Topical Treatments

• Examples: Creams and gels containing capsaicin or diclofenac.

• Applied directly to the skin for localized pain relief.

Side Effects of Arthritis Medications

While effective, arthritis medications can have side effects:

• NSAIDs: Stomach pain, ulcers, and kidney problems.

• Corticosteroids: Weight gain, mood swings, and weakened immunity.

• DMARDs/Biologics: Risk of infection due to suppressed immune function.

Always consult a healthcare provider to monitor and manage these side effects.

Prevention of Arthritis

While some causes of arthritis, like genetics, can’t be prevented, you can reduce your risk with these tips:

1. Maintain a Healthy Weight: Reduces pressure on joints.

2. Stay Active: Regular low-impact exercises like swimming or walking improve joint flexibility.

3. Protect Your Joints: Use proper techniques while lifting or moving.

4. Healthy Diet: Foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamin D can help.

5. Avoid Smoking: Smoking worsens RA and overall joint health.