Cardiac

🫀 Organs and Structures Involved in Cardiac Health

• Heart – Pumps oxygenated blood to the body

• Arteries – Carry blood away from the heart

• Veins – Carry blood back to the heart

• Capillaries – Tiny vessels where oxygen exchange occurs

• Coronary Arteries – Supply the heart muscle with blood

 

Common Cardiac Conditions

Some of the most common heart-related diseases include:

• Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) – Blocked arteries reduce blood flow to the heart

• Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction) – Caused by blocked blood flow

• Heart Failure – The heart can’t pump blood effectively

• Arrhythmias – Abnormal heart rhythms (e.g., Atrial Fibrillation)

• Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) – Affects heart and vessel function

• Valvular Heart Disease – Damaged heart valves

• Congenital Heart Defects – Heart problems present from birth

 

Symptoms of Cardiac Conditions

1. Medications

• Beta-blockers – Slow the heart rate

• ACE inhibitors / ARBs – Lower blood pressure

• Statins – Reduce cholesterol

• Blood thinners (anticoagulants) – Prevent clots

• Diuretics – Reduce fluid buildup

2. Minimally Invasive Procedures

• Angioplasty and Stenting – Opens blocked arteries

• Cardioversion – Resets abnormal heart rhythms

3. Surgical Treatments

• Bypass surgery (CABG) – Creates new pathways around blocked arteries

• Valve repair/replacement

• Pacemaker or ICD implantation

 

Side Effects of Cardiac Medications

MedicationPossible Side Effects

Beta-blockersFatigue, slow heartbeat, cold hands/feet

ACE inhibitorsCough, dizziness, high potassium

StatinsMuscle pain, liver changes

Blood thinnersBleeding, bruising easily

DiureticsFrequent urination, low potassium, dehydration

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🧪 Diagnosis of Cardiac Conditions

Doctors use various tools to diagnose heart conditions:

• ECG (Electrocardiogram) – Measures heart rhythm

• Echocardiogram (Heart Ultrasound) – Checks heart structure and function

• Stress Test – Monitors the heart during exercise

• Cardiac CT or MRI – Detailed heart imaging

• Angiography – Visualizes blood vessels

• Blood Tests – Check for cardiac enzymes, cholesterol, etc.

 

Prevention of Heart Disease

Protect your heart by following these tips:

• Eat a heart-healthy diet: Low in salt, sugar, and saturated fats

• Exercise regularly: 30 minutes a day, 5 times a week

• Avoid smoking and limit alcohol

• Manage stress and get enough sleep

• Monitor blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar

• Take prescribed medications as directed

• Get regular checkups, especially if you have a family history of heart disease

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