Skin Care

🧬 Functions of the Skin

• Protection against bacteria, sun, and injuries

• Regulation of body temperature

• Sensation through nerve endings

• Vitamin D production via sunlight

• Excretion of waste through sweat

 

Types of Skin

Knowing your skin type helps choose the right products:

1. Normal – Balanced, not too oily or dry

2. Oily – Shiny appearance, prone to acne

3. Dry – Flaky, rough, or tight-feeling skin

4. Combination – Oily in some areas (like the T-zone), dry in others

5. Sensitive – Easily irritated, may sting or burn when using products

 

Basic Skin Care Routine

1. Cleansing

• Removes dirt, oil, and makeup

• Use a gentle cleanser suited to your skin type (twice daily)

2. Toning (optional)

• Balances skin pH and removes leftover residue

• Use alcohol-free toners for dry or sensitive skin

3. Moisturizing

• Keeps skin hydrated and soft

• Use oil-free moisturizers for oily skin; richer creams for dry skin

4. Sun Protection

• SPF 30+ sunscreen daily, even when cloudy

• Protects against premature aging and skin cancer

5. Targeted Treatments (if needed)

• Serums (Vitamin C, hyaluronic acid)

• Acne treatments (benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid)

• Anti-aging creams (retinoids, peptides)

 

Common Skin Problems

• Acne – Pimples, blackheads, or whiteheads

• Eczema – Red, itchy, inflamed skin

• Psoriasis – Thick, scaly patches of skin

• Rosacea – Redness and flushing, mostly on the face

• Hyperpigmentation – Dark spots or uneven tone

• Wrinkles and Fine Lines – Signs of aging

• Fungal infections – Ringworm, athlete’s foot

• Allergic reactions – Rashes, itching due to product ingredients

 

🧪 How Skin Conditions Are Diagnosed

• Visual examination by a dermatologist

• Skin scrapings or swabs for lab tests

• Allergy testing (patch test)

• Biopsy (in cases of suspicious moles or growths)

 

Skin Care Tips for Healthy Skin

• Stay hydrated – drink enough water daily

• Eat a balanced diet – rich in fruits, vegetables, and omega-3s

• Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol

• Don’t touch your face frequently

• Sleep at least 7–8 hours per night

• Wash pillowcases and makeup brushes regularly

• Remove makeup before sleeping

• Manage stress – it can trigger breakouts

• Perform regular skin self-checks for new moles or changes