Thyroid

Common Thyroid Medications

1. Levothyroxine (Synthroid, Eltroxin, Levoxyl)

   • Used to treat hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid).

   • Works by replacing the T4 hormone.

2. Liothyronine (Cytomel)

   • Prescribed for certain cases of hypothyroidism.

   • Provides synthetic T3 hormone for rapid symptom relief.

3. Methimazole (Tapazole)

   • Treats hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid).

   • Works by reducing the production of thyroid hormones.

4. Propylthiouracil (PTU)

   • Another option for hyperthyroidism, often used during pregnancy.

5. Radioactive Iodine

   • A treatment option for severe hyperthyroidism.

   • Destroys overactive thyroid cells to reduce hormone production.

 

Causes of Thyroid Problems

• Autoimmune diseases: Conditions like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (causing hypothyroidism) or Graves’ disease (causing hyperthyroidism).

• Iodine deficiency or excess: Iodine is essential for hormone production, but too much or too little can cause issues.

• Genetics: Family history increases the likelihood of thyroid problems.

• Certain medications or treatments: Chemotherapy, lithium, or radiation exposure.

 

Health Conditions Linked to Thyroid Issues

• Fatigue and weight changes (gain in hypothyroidism, loss in hyperthyroidism).

• Heart-related conditions like high cholesterol or irregular heartbeat.

• Fertility issues or complications during pregnancy.

 

Symptoms of Thyroid Problems

Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid):

• Persistent fatigue.

• Weight gain.

• Dry skin and hair.

• Depression or mood swings.

 

Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid):

• Weight loss despite a good appetite.

• Nervousness or anxiety.

• Rapid heartbeat or palpitations.

• Sweating and heat intolerance.

 

Side Effects of Thyroid Medications

Thyroid medications are generally safe but may cause side effects if improperly dosed:

• For Hypothyroid Medications: Overdose may lead to hyperthyroid-like symptoms such as increased heart rate, sweating, or irritability.

• For Hyperthyroid Medications: Side effects can include liver damage, low white blood cell count, or allergic reactions.

 

Diagnosis of Thyroid Conditions

• Blood tests: Measure TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), T3, and T4 levels.

• Imaging tests: Ultrasound or thyroid scans to identify structural issues.

• Biopsy: In rare cases, used to check for thyroid cancer.

 

Prevention Tips for Thyroid Problems

• Eat a balanced diet rich in iodine, selenium, and zinc.

• Manage stress levels with yoga or meditation.

• Avoid unnecessary exposure to radiation.

• Get regular health check-ups to detect early signs.